Whitley Castle Bastle 2, Kirkhaugh (The Gatehouse Record)

In the civil parish of Knaresdale with Kirkhaugh.
In the historic county of Northumberland.
Modern Authority of Northumberland.
1974 county of Northumberland.
Medieval County of Northumberland.

OS Map Grid Reference: NY69454867
Latitude 54.83197° Longitude -2.47701°

Whitley Castle Bastle 2, Kirkhaugh has been described as a probable Bastle.

There are cropmark/slight earthwork remains.

This site is a scheduled monument protected by law.

Description

There is evidence for three post-Roman buildings within the walls of the fort. Two of these, similar in outline and probably in date, lie within the retentura, close by and roughly parallel with the south western rampart.
The second building in the retentura lay some 15m to the north-west of the bastle. This is indicated by a somewhat less coherent pattern of robbing trenches and scarps which form the outline of a similar linear structure, also positioned (albeit with less precision) on the line of a former barrack block. The building's dimensions, some 7m in width and 20m in length, are similar to those of the adjacent bastle, and traces of an internal partition suggest that it too may have undergone a process of enlargement. The main difference is that the walls of this second building appear to have been considerably less massive, a distinction that might allow this structure to be classified as a 'bastle-derivative' or 'byre house': a less defendable dwelling in the same overall tradition, normally dated to the 18th or early 19th centuries (Ryder 1995, 8-9; Lake and Edwards 2006, 42-3). Although the second building may have been a replacement for the bastle, it is much more likely that it formed part of an enlarged settlement, contemporary with (and presumably related to) the development of the adjacent group at Whitlow. (Went and Ainsworth)

Sources of information, references and further reading

National Heritage List for England Scheduled Monument Number 1006621, Legacy Scheduled Monument Number nd12
Historic England (PastScape) Defra or Monument number(s) 13725.
County Historic Environment Record (or Sites and Monuments Record) number(s) N24886; N5934.

Books
- Lake, J. and Edwards, R., 2006, Historic Farmsteads. Preliminary Character Statement: North West Region (University of Gloucester, English Heritage and the Countryside Agency)
Periodical Articles
- Went, D. and Ainsworth, S., 2013, 'Whitley Castle, Northumberland: An Analytical Survey of the Fort and its Setting' Britannia Vol. 44 p. 93-143 esp. 122-25
Other sources: Theses; 'grey' literature; in-house reports; unpublished works; etc.
- Went, David and Ainsworth, Stewart, 2009, Whitley Castle, Tynedale, Northumberland An archaeological investigation of the Roman fort and its setting (Research Department Report Series 89) p. 59-66 online copy
  Ryder, P.F., 1994-5, Towers and Bastles in Northumberland Part 4 Tynedale District Vol. ? p.

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The bibliography owes much to various bibliographies produced by John Kenyon for the Council for British Archaeology, the Castle Studies Group and others.

Suggestions for finding online and/or hard copies of bibliographical sources can be seen at this link.
Minor archaeological investigations, such as watching brief reports, and some other 'grey' literature is most likely to be held by H.E.R.s but is often poorly referenced and is unlikely to be recorded here, or elsewhere, but some suggestions can be found here.

The possible site or monument is represented on maps as a point location. This is a guide only. It should be noted that OS grid references defines an area, not a point location. In practice this means the actual center of the site or monument may often, but not always, be to the North East of the point shown. Locations derived from OS grid references and from latitude longitiude may differ by a small distance.
Further information on mapping and location can be seen at this link.

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