Bush (The Gatehouse Record)

Also known as, or recorded in historical documents as;
Davie of ye bush; Dame of Ye Bush; The Scottes dike heade; Croftsike

In the civil parish of Kirkandrews.
In the historic county of Cumberland.
Modern Authority of Cumbria.
1974 county of Cumbria.
Medieval County of Cumberland.

OS Map Grid Reference: NY335730
Latitude 55.04791° Longitude -3.04176°

Bush has been described as a Pele Tower although is doubtful that it was such, and also as a probable Bastle.

There are no visible remains.

Description

Possible stonehouse or tower site.
Marked on the 1590 map as a tower of 'Davie of ye bush' and as a house at 'The Scottes dike heade' on the 1607 platt.
Cole states 'probably... near Englishtown... close to the edge of the cliff above the Sark... the outlook is splendid... He traces the Storys of Bush back to 1561 and gives documentary references.
Cole states 'a great deal of this site has been lost by erosion' but he mentions a stone-lined well still to be seen there. Needs further fieldwork to establish the site. (Perriam and Robinson 1998)

Comments

Also recorded in Canmore (The Scottish NMR No 67564) as in Scotland (NY337744), which, given the crude nature of the map, is entirely possible. However, a location under the modern farm of Englishtown is a reasonable supposition although a site on the bank of the River Sark and part lost to erosion, to the west of the modern farm, is also possible.
It is difficult to really known what the symbols on the 1590 map actually meant. They mainly refer to sites that are now lost and which were never gentry status sites. This suggests these were not pele towers. It is more likely they were some form of bastle or stonehouse. The lack of survival of such houses in this area, as opposed to their fairly frequent survival in the higher Pennine lands, may reflect the good agricultural quality of this land producing wealth (once the area was politically stabilised and decriminalised) which allowed for the building of brand new farmhouses and farmbuildings in the C18/C19.
Nothing suggests this was a gentry status site so the likely form of the C16/C17 building would be a pele-house type bastle.

Sources of information, references and further reading

Historic England (PastScape) Defra or Monument number(s) 1389991; 67564 (Canmore).
Further information may be available from the holder of the county Historic Environment Record.

Websites (Gatehouse is not responsible for the content of external websites.)
- Canmore (RCAHMS) entry
  Old Cumbria Gazetteer
Books
- RCAHMS, 1997, Eastern Dumfriesshire: an archaeological landscape (Edinburgh) p. 314 No. 1464
  Salter, Mike, 1998, The Castles and Tower Houses of Cumbria (Malvern: Folly Publications) p. 99 (slight)
  Perriam, Denis and Robinson, John, 1998, The Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria (Kendal: CWAAS Extra Series 29) p. 228
  Hyslop and Hyslop, J. and R., 1912, Langholm as it was: a history of Langholm and Eskdale from the earliest times (Sunderland; Edinburgh; Glasgow) p. 320
  Jeffrey, A., 1864, History and Antiquities of Roxburghshire Vol. 4 p. 232 (facsimile of map) online copy
Periodical Articles
- Graham, T.H.B., 1914, 'The Debatable Land Part II' Transactions of the Cumberland and Westmorland Antiquarian and Archaeological Society Vol. 14 facing p. 148 online copy online copy of 1607 platt online copy of 1552 map
  Ellis, H., 1829, 'Copy of a manuscript tract addressed to Lord Burghley, illustrative of the Border topography of Scotland, AD 1590, with a platt or map of the Borders taken in the same year' Archaeologia Vol. 22 p. 161-71 online copy
Primary (Medieval documents or transcriptions of such documents - This section is far from complete and the secondary sources should be consulted for full references.)
- 1590, A Platt of the opposete Borders of Scotland to ye west marches of England (The Aglionby Platt) British Library online Gallery and Old Cumbria Gazetteer (see also Gatehouse Essay 'The Aglionby Platt')
Other sources: Theses; 'grey' literature; in-house reports; unpublished works; etc.
- Cole, J.R., 1982, A survey of the Debatable Land and Glen Tarras c. 1449-1620 (Thesis for Manchester University) p. 63-4

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The bibliography owes much to various bibliographies produced by John Kenyon for the Council for British Archaeology, the Castle Studies Group and others.

Suggestions for finding online and/or hard copies of bibliographical sources can be seen at this link.
Minor archaeological investigations, such as watching brief reports, and some other 'grey' literature is most likely to be held by H.E.R.s but is often poorly referenced and is unlikely to be recorded here, or elsewhere, but some suggestions can be found here.

The possible site or monument is represented on maps as a point location. This is a guide only. It should be noted that OS grid references defines an area, not a point location. In practice this means the actual center of the site or monument may often, but not always, be to the North East of the point shown. Locations derived from OS grid references and from latitude longitiude may differ by a small distance.
Further information on mapping and location can be seen at this link.

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