Granted at Wallingford.

Although this document has been considered by some as a licence to crenellate it is rejected as a licence.

Comments

Original source is;

• Hardy, T.D. (ed), 1833, Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in turri Londinensi (1204-24) (Record Commission) Vol. 1 p. 199b
  Allen Brown, R. (ed.), 1956, The Memoranda Roll for the tenth year of the reign of King John, 1207-8, together with Curia Regis Rolls of Hilary 7 Richard I, 1196, and Easter 9 Richard I, 1198, a Roll of Pate held by Hugh de Neville, 9 John, 1207-8, and fragments of the Close Rolls of 16 and 17 John, 1215-16 (Pipe Roll Society Publications 69) p. 136 nos. 45-7

(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms. Licentia is best translated as 'freedom to' not 'permission'.)

Significant later sources are;

• Coulson, C., 1995, 'Battlements and the Bourgeoisie: Municipal Status and the Apparatus of Urban Defence' in Church, Stephen (ed), Medieval Knighthood Vol. 5 (Boydell) p. 170n201
  Turner, H.L., 1971, Town Defences in England and Wales (London) p. 209