Granted at Tower of London.

There is insufficient evidence to be certain about this possible licence to crenellate. (Some licences may be lost from record and others may have wrongly presumed to have been granted or may be total inventions.)

Comments

Original source is;

• Hardy, T.D. (ed.), 1844, Rotuli de Liberate ac de Misis et Praestitis Regnante Johanne (Record Commission) p. 104 online copy

(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms. Licentia is best translated as 'freedom to' not 'permission'.)

Significant later sources are;

• King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol. 2 p. 462n14a

Thomas de Burgh (d. 1233)