Warwick on Eden earthwork (The Gatehouse Record)

In the civil parish of Wetheral.
In the historic county of Cumberland.
Modern Authority of Cumbria.
1974 county of Cumbria.
Medieval County of Cumberland.

OS Map Grid Reference: NY468567
Latitude 54.90243° Longitude -2.83286°

Warwick on Eden earthwork has been described as a Uncertain but is rejected as such, and also as a Fortified Manor House although is doubtful that it was such.

There are no visible remains.

Description

(Area NY 466 567) At Warwick Knowe, immediately above Warwick Bridge are the remains of large earthworks of no regular shape. They are supposed to have been raised to guard the bridge against the Scots (OS map 1957; Hutchinson; Whellan).
All trace of any former earthworks has disappeared. Warwick Knowe is a natural hill under pasture (F1 RWE 14-APR-66). (PastScape)

Earthworks; possibly Civil War Period.
Hutchinson states 'immediately above {the bridge at Warwick}, on an eminence which commands the passage of the river, are the remains of large breast-works of earth, but of no regular figure, or any other character to lead to the idea of its having ever been a permanent Roman station. The works appear like temporary fortifications only, and, as this part of the country was frequently harassed, as well by the incursions of the Scots, as the armies which our monarchs led northward against the neigbouring nation, it is not worth a traveller's trouble... to explain them.'
Wilson gives details of a skirmish there in June 1648. The earthworks were probably of 1644 for the siege of Carlisle.
Aerial photography and field walking may reveal traces. Possibly destroyed by cutting of new road to bridge 1833-5. Not thought to be earlier site of Warwick Hall. (Perriam and Robinson 1998)

Sources of information, references and further reading

Historic England (PastScape) Defra or Monument number(s) 11378.
County Historic Environment Record (or Sites and Monuments Record) number(s) 502.

Websites (Gatehouse is not responsible for the content of external websites.)
- Old Cumbria Gazetteer
Books
- Perriam, Denis and Robinson, John, 1998, The Medieval Fortified Buildings of Cumbria (Kendal: CWAAS Extra Series 29) p. 224
  Wilson, J., 1912, Rose Castle: the Residential Seat of the Bishop of Carlisle (Carlisle) p. 231
  Whellan, W., 1860, The History and Topography of the Counties of Cumberland and Westmorland (Pontefract) p. 188 online copy
  Hutchinson, W., 1794, The History of the County of Cumberland (Carlisle) Vol. 1 p. 153

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The bibliography owes much to various bibliographies produced by John Kenyon for the Council for British Archaeology, the Castle Studies Group and others.

Suggestions for finding online and/or hard copies of bibliographical sources can be seen at this link.
Minor archaeological investigations, such as watching brief reports, and some other 'grey' literature is most likely to be held by H.E.R.s but is often poorly referenced and is unlikely to be recorded here, or elsewhere, but some suggestions can be found here.

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