Granted at Berwick-on-Tweed.

Comments

Original source is;

• Lyte, H.C. Maxwell (ed), 1893 (reprint 1971), Calendar of Patent Rolls (1281-92) p. 497 online copy

(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms. Licentia is best translated as 'freedom to' not 'permission'.)

Significant later sources are;

• Coulson, C., 1994, 'Freedom to Crenellate by Licence - An Historiographical Revision' Nottingham Medieval Studies Vol. 38 p. 125n119
  King, D.J.C., 1983, Castellarium Anglicanum (London: Kraus) Vol. 1 p. 27, 30n8
  Turner, T.H. and Parker, J.H., 1859, Some account of Domestic Architecture in England (Oxford) Vol. 3 part 2 p. 403 online copy

Beauchamp, William (IV) de, ninth earl of Warwick (c.1238–1298)

Biographical source include;

• Peter Coss, 2004, ‘Beauchamp, William (IV) de, ninth earl of Warwick (c.1238–1298)’ Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press) online copy (subscription may be needed)