Although this document has been considered by some as a licence to crenellate it is rejected as a licence.

Comments

Original source is;

• Stenton, D.M. (ed.), 1929, The Great Roll of the Pipe for the seventh year of the reign of King Richard the First, Michaelmas 1195 (Pipe Roll 41) (Pipe Roll Society Publications 44)

(In fact, the original source given is usually a transcription/translation of what are precious medieval documents not readily availably. It should be noted that these transcription/translations often date to the nineteenth or early twentieth centuries and that unwitting bias of transcribers may affect the translation. Care should also be taken to avoid giving modern meaning to the medieval use of certain stock words and terms. Licentia is best translated as 'freedom to' not 'permission'.)

Significant later sources are;

• Salter, Mike, 2001, The Castles of Mid Wales (Malvern) p. 55 (uncited but must be the Pipe Roll reference)

Hugh de Say (b c. 1156-1197)

Biographical source include;

• Cokayne, G. E., 2000, Complete Peerage of England Scotland Ireland Great Britain and the United Kingdom (Sutton Publishing Ltd) Vol VI(453), Vol IX(255-258); AR: Line 177(2-3)